NMC Past Questions on Paediatrics, Obstetric, Anatomy and Physiology Set 3

NMC Past Questions on Paediatrics, Obstetric, Anatomy and Physiology Set 3

85. Kojo who has tetralogy of Fallot usually squats when he is dyspnoeic. The squatting relives the symptoms by
A) Allowing maximal chest expansion and oxygenation
B) Delaying venous return to the heart
C) Increasing the production of red blood cells
D) Increasing venous return to the heart

86. A sudden onset of enuresis in a previously dry child is indicative of
A) Emotional stress
B) Nephritis
C) Nephrotic syndrome
D) Pyelonephritis

87. Which of the following parts will you use when giving an injection to a 6 month old
A) Anterior thigh
B) Deltoid muscle
C) Dorsogluteal
D) Lateral parts of the thigh

88. In examining a 2 year old child with an otoscope the nurse
A) Holds just the head and arms
B) Holds the head straight
C) Pulls the pinna down and back
D) Pulls the pinna up and back

89. A child in sickle cell crisis will need the following
I. Analgesic
II. Exercise
III. Plenty of fluids
IV. Warmth
A) I and IV
B) II and III
C) II and IV
D) I, III and IV

90. The earliest sign of respiratory distress in a young infants
A) Cyanosis
B) Grunting
C) Rapid respiration
D) Sternal and subcostal retraction

91. The nurse suspects bleeding when a child who has had tonsillectomy
A) Becomes pale
B) Complains of thirst
C) Coughs persistently
D) Swallows frequently

92. A vital disease that affects the motor cell of the anterior horn of the spinal cord is
A) Chicken pox
B) Poliomyelitis
C) Rubella
D) Shingles

93. High concentration of oxygen to small infants may cause blindness from
A) Corneal ulceration
B) Iridocyclitis
C) Retinoblastoma
D) Retrolental fibroplasia

94. The vomitus in pyloric stenosis is not bile stained because
A) The bile duct is obstructed
B) The obstruction is above the opening of the common bile duct
C) The obstruction of the cardiac sphincter prevent bile from entering the oesophagus
D) The sphincter of the bile duct is connected to the hypertrophied pyloric muscle

95. Which of the following blood disorders are found in children?
I. Haemophilia
II. Sickle cell disease
III. Spherocytosis
IV. Thalassaemia
A) I and II
B) I, II and IV
C) I, II and III
D) I, II, III and IV

96. The cardiac defects associated with Fallots tetralogy include
A) Abnormal connection between the pulmonary artery and the aorta, right ventricular hypertrophy and atrial septal defect
B) Origin of the aorta from the right ventricle and of the pulmonary artery for the left ventricle
C) Right ventricular hypertrophy, ventricular septal defects, and stenosis of pulmonary artery
D) Right ventricular hypertrophy, atrial and ventricular defect and mitral valve stenosis

97. A frequent finger pricks and daily injections may be distressing to a diabetic child. How can you help the child to adjust and adapt?
I. Always reward after an injection with a cuddle or praise
II. Always tell the child what is going to happen to promote trust
III. Never surprise an unprepared child with a syringe
IV. Understand her distress and encourage her to talk about it if she wish
A) I and II
B) I and III
C) II, III and IV
D) I, II, III and IV

98. Hypospadias is a congenital malformation in which the urethra in the male
A) Fails to develop
B) Fails to open
C) Opens on the lower surface of the penis
D) Opens on the upper surface of the penis

99. An 8 year old child with sickle cell disease is admitted with a vaso-occlusive crisis. Priority nursing concerns would be
A) Hydration and pain management
B) Nutrition and antibiotics
C) Nutrition and hydration
D) Pain management and antibiotics

100. The following are findings needed to diagnose hookworm infestation EXCEPT
A) Anaemia
B) Hookworm ova in the stool
C) Pus in the stool
D) Positive occult blood test

101. Immunity by antibody formation during the course of a disease is
A) Active natural
B) Active artificial
C) Passive natural
D) Passive artificial

102. An injection consisting of bacteria cells that have been modified is
A) An antitoxin
B) Toxin
C) Toxoid
D) Vaccine

103. Nursing care for a child admitted with tetanus following a punctured wound should be primarily directed towards
A) Careful monitoring of urinary output
B) Decreasing external stimuli
C) Encouraging high intake of fluid
D) Maintaining body alignment

104. Nursing care for an infant after surgical repair of a cleft lip should include
A) Giving the baby nil per os (N.P.O)
B) Keeping the infant from crying
C) Placing the infant in a semi fowler’s position
D) Spoon feed for the first 2 days after surgery

105. Anaemia in a child may occur as a result of
I. Destruction of red cells
II. Insufficient production of haemoglobin
III. Insufficient production of red cells
IV. Loss of blood
A) I and II
B) III and IV
C) II, III and IV
D) I, II, III and IV

106. Sessey, 3 years old, is rushed to the emergency room convulsing; the skin is very hot to touch. What immediate stop will you take to reduce the temperature?
A) Give cold bath
B) Take the axillary temperature
C) Tepid sponge the child
D) Reassure mother

107. A 9-year old boy has a fractured femur and a full leg cast has been applied. The nurse should immediately notify the physician if assessment demonstrates
A) A cast that remains damp and warm after 4 hours
B) An increased urinary output
C) An inability to move the toes
D) Pedal pulse of 90 bpm

108. Aku is to be admitted to hospital for skeletal traction. The nurse explains to his mother that the purpose of the traction is to
A) Make the bone grow faster
B) Prepare the area for surgery
C) Realign bone fragments
D) Prevent future fractures

109. Signs of under feeding in babies include
I. Abdominal discomfort
II. Constipation
III. Crying
IV. Failure to gain weight
A) I and II
B) I, II and IV
C) II and III
D) II, III and IV

110. One complication of otitis media is
A) mastoiditis
B) meningitis
C) parotitis
D) tonsillitis

111. A child suspected of having pulmonary tuberculosis will undergo all the following investigations EXCEPT
A) general x-ray examination
B) investigation of the family
C) sputum examination
D) Tuberculin skin test

112. Some babies develop slight jaundice from the third day after birth or later. This is called
A) hepatitis
B) jaundice in the infant
C) neonatal hepatitis
D) Physiological jaundice

113. The following are helpful suggestions in handling a diabetic child who refuses to eat EXCEPT
A) ensure her meals are attractive and the environment appealing
B) do not overload plate in the hope she will eat “something”
C) force the child to eat when food is ready
D) try to ensure she eats in the company of others

114. The rate of flow of IV infusion must be regulated often by the nurse to
A) Avoid IV infiltration
B) Prevent increased flow rate
C) Prevent cardiac overload
D) Prevent decrease body weight

115. A child has been admitted for surgery to correct a congenital mega colon. Enemas are ordered pre-operative to cleanse the bowl. The best solution to use is
A) Hypertonic saline
B) Isotonic saline
C) Soap suds
D) Tap water

116. An essential nursing action when caring to the small child with severe diarrhoea is to
I. Encourage fluid orally
II. Examine the skin for dehydration
III. Replace lost electrolyte
IV. Check body weight
A) I and II
B) I, II and III
C) II, III and IV
D) I, II, III and IV

117. All parents of children with the following condition will need counselling EXCEPT
A) Down’s syndrome
B) Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD)
C) Haemophilia
D) ABO incompatibility

118. The following are stages of grand mal epilepsy EXCEPT
A) Aura
B) Clonic
C) Focal
D) Tonic

119. Jane developed reddened rushes on the cheek which later involve the arm flexures, leg and gams. Which of the following has she got?
A) Eczema
B) Impetigo
C) Psoriasis
D) Scabies

120. The test which would be done to confirm the diagnosis of meningitis is…
LUMBAR PUNCTURE
Ans. Lumbar Puncture

121. An infant should be able to sit fairly well unsupported at
A) 3 months
B) 4 months
C) 7 months
D) 9 months

122. Permanent dentition begins at around
A) 6 months
B) 4 months
C) 6 years
D) 8 years

123. Which of the following activities will the child NOT do at 3 months?
A) Follows a light to the periphery
B) Has taste preference
C) Listens to sounds
D) Smile in response to a person or an object

124. Which of the following parts will you use when giving IM injection to a 5-month-old child?
A) Anterior thigh
B) Deltoid
C) Dorsogluteal
D) Lateral part of the thigh

125. Which of the following blood disorders is sex-linked?
A) Haemophilia
B) Sickle cell disease
C) Spherocytosis
D) Thalassaemia

126. Which of these will be a priority need of a child with sickle cell crisis?
I. Adequate nutrition
II. Analgesics
III. Plenty of fluids
IV. Warmth
A) I and II
B) I, II and III
C) I, III and IV
D) II, III and IV

127. Hypospadias is a congenital malformation in which the urethra in the male
A) Fails to descend
B) Fails to develop
C) Opens on the lower surface of the penis
D) Opens on the upper surface of the penis

128. A 7-year-old with a fractured had P.O.P applied. The nurse should notify the doctor at once when assessment shows
A) An inability to move the toes
B) An increased urinary output
C) Pedal pulse of 90bpm
D) That the P.O.P remains damp after 4 hours

129. Anaemia in a child may occur as a result of
I. Destruction of erythrocytes
II. Insufficient production of haemoglobin
III. Insufficient production of red blood cells
IV. Severe bleeding
A) I and II
B) II and III
C) II, III and IV
D) I, II, III and IV

130. A 7-year old had tonsillectomy done. He is still unconscious but is swallowing frequently. This is a sign of
A) Anoxia
B) Bleeding
C) Hypoxia
D) Thirst