NMC Past Questions on Medicine and Medical Nursing Set 8

NMC Past Questions on Medicine and Medical Nursing Set 8

351. The classical signs and symptoms of nephrotic syndrome does not include:
A. Cholestraemia
B. Hyponatraemia
C. Hyperalbuminaemia
D. Oedema

352. In genital herpes, the dormant virus in the body is reactive when:
A. There is dysuria
B. There is increased sexual activity
C. There is lowered body immunity
D. There is destruction of red blood cells

353. Secondary gout may develop in conditions that results in marked breakdown of:
A. Body cells
B. Carbohydrates and fats
C. Enzymic reaction
D. Cellular nucleic acid

354. In diabetes mellitus, polyuria and polydypsia results from:
A. Osmotic diuresis
B. Increased diffusion
C. Increased erythrocytosis
D. Damaged nephrons

355. The type II diabetes mellitus commonly affects:
A. Newly born children
B. Persons less than 30 years
C. Persons over 30 years
D. Person with hypertension and kidney failure

356. Macro vascular changes that occur in diabetes mellitus include:
A. Retinopathy
B. Coronary artery disease
C. Nephropathy
D. Neuropathy

357. Rapid-acting insulin drugs often works within:
A. 20 hours
B. 15 hours
C. 3 hours
D. 1 hour

358. In leukemias, the recurrent infections usually results from:
A. Low haemoglobin levels
B. Low platelet count
C. Low leukocyte count
D. Low plasma prothrombin

359. Which of the following is a classical feature of tetanus?
A. Vomiting
B. Pyrexia
C. Cyanosis
D. Trismus

360. In teaching a client who has been diagnosed of prostate cancer and put on diethylstilbesterol, the nurse should tell him he probably will experience which side effects?
A. Priapism and increased libido
B. Hoarseness and muscular hypertrophy
C. Hirsutism and ascites
D. Gynaecomastia and high-pitched voice

361. In bronchiectasis, the destruction of the lung tissue often occurs at the:
A. Bifurcation of the bronchi
B. Lower dependent segment*
C. Hilum of the lungs
D. Visceral pleural covering of the lungs

362. A male client is receiving antihypertensive drugs. Which of these potential side effects would be most important for the nurse to discuss with him?
A. Nasal stiffness
B. Impotence
C. Nausea and vomiting
D. Postural hypotension

363. A Client admitted with pulmonary oedema was put on digoxin 0.25mg daily, Furosemide 40mg daily and nasal oxygen therapy at 2 liters/minute. To evaluate the effectiveness of digoxin, the nurse should observe for:
A. Increased urine output
B. Increased pulse rate
C. Lowered blood pressure
D. Decreased respiratory rate

364. Which of the following should not be considered by the nurse when she is giving care to a client diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis?
A. Social needs
B. Nutritional needs
C. Spiritual needs
D. Sexual needs

365. Which of the following plays a large role in determining a person’s susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis?
A. Social conditions
B. Nutritional conditions
C. Spiritual conditions
D. Sexual conditions

366. Which of the following is not among diagnostic signs and symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis?
A. Persistent cough
B. Vomiting
C. Pleuritic or chest pain
D. Breathlessness

367. When a patient dies within 24 hours of admission to the hospital, the death is declared as:
A. Illegal case
B. Coroner’s case
C. Autopsy case
D. Brought in dead

368. The last offices is performed for a dead person about:
A. An hour after the patient has died
B. Thirty minutes after the patient has died
C. Immediately the patient has died
D. 24 hours after the patient has died

369. Fat is broken down in the gut into:
A. Glycerol, fatty acids and amino acids
B. Glycerol, polysaccharides and vitamins
C. Glycerol, fatty acids and monoglycerides
D. Glycerol, fatty acids and proteins

370. Management of diabetes mellitus is directed toward:
A. Reducing metabolic activities
B. Establishing and maintaining metabolic control
C. Treatment of complications to avoid death
D. Increasing the body’s insulin resistance

371. A client is told that a tuberculin test is positive. Which statement would indicate that the client understands the test results?
A. I have had previous exposure to tuberculosis
B. I have immunity and cannot develop the disease
C. I currently have active tuberculosis
D. I have a reactivation of a healed primary lesion

372. In caring for a client with diarrhea, the nurse’s priorities include the following except:
A. Removal of the cause of the diarrhea
B. Changing the diet to remove spicy foods
C. Use drug immediately
D. Encourage client to drink copious fluids

373. Which of the following findings by the nurse would indicate that the client is having an insulin reaction?
A. Air hunger and acetone breath
B. Vomiting and flushed skin
C. Nausea and headache
D. Confusion and diaphoresis

374. The cardinal signs and symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis include the following except:
A. Air hunger and acetone breath
B. Vomiting and flushed skin
C. Nausea and headache
D. Confusion alone

375. Which of the following types of leukemia has an abrupt onset?
A. Both acute and chronic
B. Only acute
C. Only chronic
D. None of the above

376. Which of the following is not a mitotic inhibitor used to treat leukemia?
A. Vinblastine
B. Vincristine
C. Theocristin
D. Etoposide

377. In communication, the nurse’s ability to convey openness, non-judgmental attitude, and a desire to hear what the client has to say is described as:
A. Sympathy
B. Reflection
C. Respect
D. Empathy

378. A client presents at the out-patient department with a complaint of severe nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea for 5 days. He is weak, and has lost weight and the skin turgor is poor. The initial nursing action is to:
A. Start parenteral nutrition
B. Check vital signs
C. Start naso-gastric feeding
D. Check other signs of dehydration

379. A physician’s prescription ordered for a client reads injection cloxacillin 125 mg i.m. The medication vial states 100 mg per ml. How many milliliters of the drug should the nurse draw into the syringe for injection?
A. 125 ml
B. 12 ml
C. 1250 ml
D. 1.25 ml

380. Mr. Sam is recovering from hepatitis. The nurse recognizes the need to report which laboratory result to the physician?
A. Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) that is elevated
B. Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) that is slightly elevated
C. Delta Antigen (DA) that is slightly elevated
D. Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) that is significantly elevated

381. Mrs. Farmer was discharged home while receiving treatment for tuberculosis, which of the following instructions should be given to her by the nurse to decrease the possibility of spreading the infection?
A. Wear mask when at home with her family members
B. Cover the nose initially with handkerchief when in contact with people living outside her family
C. Have a weekly sputum culture to ensure complete treatment
D. Obtain a BCG vaccination as a booster

382. In planning a care for a client suffering from tuberculosis, the most important factor for the nurse to consider is:
A. Tuberculosis is a respiratory infection that requires airborne precaution
B. The client will need increased fluid intake to at least 3000ml per day
C. The client will need assistance in performing her daily activities
D. The client will need to be taught proper breathing techniques

• 383. Which of the following is not a clinical indication of circulatory overload?
  A. Decreased blood pressure
  B. Moist productive cough
  C. Increased blood pressure
  D. Blurred vision

384. A nurse planning to care for a client with human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV) should understand that the most important principle to decrease the risk of spreading the infection is:
A. To know the HIV status of every client in the unit
B. Ensure enough distance away from the patient when providing care
C. To know how and when to use personal protective equipment supplied
D. To determine whether the client has been placed in protective isolation

385. Which of the following is the best beverage for a client suffering from coronary artery disease?
A. Coffee
B. Cola
C. Tea
D. Lemonade

386. A patient with CHF is given lasix (frusemide), the nurse must monitor which of the following laboratory values to identify any side effects?
A. Glucose
B. Sodium
C. Potassium
D. Magnesium

387. The commonest complication a patient receiving thrombolytic therapy shall complain is:
A. Nausea
B. Tarry stools
C. Decrease urine output
D. Vomiting

388. Sexual transmission of viral hepatitis is less common but can occur among:
A. All homosexuals
B. Male homosexuals
C. Female homosexuals
D. None of homosexuals

389. Which of the following will not be prescribed for a patient diagnosed of Meniere’s disease?
A. Increased fluid intake
B. Low salt intake
C. Vasodilating drug
D. Mild sedative

390. Hordeolum is also called:
A. Squint
B. Scan
C. Cyst
D. Sty

391. In diabetic mellitus, the priority of the nurse is to correct:
A. Poor family coping
B. Fluid balance
C. Altered nutrition
D. Activity tolerance

392. In acute phase of diabetic ketoacidosis, the priority of the nursing action is to plan to:
A. Administer i.v. regular insulin
B. Administer i.v 5% Dextrose
C. Apply and monitor ECG
D. Apply cold water to the body

393. A client diagnosed of NIDDM has a blood glucose of 600mg/dl, he was experiencing polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss and weakness. The nurse expects which of the following diagnoses?
A. Diabetic ketoacidosis
B. Hypoglycaemia
C. Hyperglycaemia hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome
D. Pheochromocytoma

394. A nurse has collected data on a client with diabetic mellitus. The FBS was 130mg/dl, temperature was 38°C, respiration was 22 breaths per minute, and blood pressure 140/80mmHg. Which of the following findings is most concern to the nurse?
A. Respiration
B. Blood pressure
C. Blood glucose
D. Temperature

395. A nurse should not give a patient with congestive heart failure (CHF) one of the following food items:
A. Leafy green vegetables
B. Catsup
C. Cooked cereals
D. Sherbet

396. Which of the following statements indicate that a client understands the preventive measures of thrombophlebitis?
A. I need to avoid pregnancy by taking oral contraceptives
B. I should avoid sitting or standing in one position for long periods
C. I can finally stop wearing these support stockings that you gave me
D. I will be sure to maintain my fluid intake to at least four glasses a day

397. A 52 year old man weighs 110kg, his blood pressure is 180/100 mmHg and RBS is 130mg/dl. Which of the following questions should the nurse ask the client first?
A. Do you exercise regularly
B. Are you considering losing weight
C. Is there a history of diabetes in your family
D. When was the last time you had your blood pressure checked

398. Which of the following is not a non-modifiable risk factor of coronary artery disease?
A. Smoking
B. Age
C. Gender
D. Race

399. In caring for a patient who has complained of dizziness and headache after taking nitroglycerin, the nurse’s priority is:
A. Take client’s blood pressure
B. Tell client not to worry
C. Serve client with acetaminophen
D. Report the findings to the physician

400. As the nurse sends a client with myocardial infarction to the bathroom, the client complains of chest pains. The nurse must:
A. Tell client to stand still and take client’s blood pressure
B. Assist the client to get back to the bed
C. Serve client with the prescribed antihypertensive
D. Report the episode immediately to the physician